Construction of steel structure engineering

1、要切实作好钢结构制作及安装单位的考察与选择工作

1. The investigation and selection of the production and installation units of the steel structure should be conscientiously done.

我们知道，钢结构工程的施工要经过工厂制作和现场安装两个阶段，这两个阶段可由一个施工单位完成，但有时也可能由两个单位分别完成（分包）。切实作好钢结构制作单位和安装单位的考察与选择工作，对于确保钢结构工程质量及进度，具有重要意义。钢结构制作、安装单位的考察内容主要有：企业资质，生产规模，技术人员数量、职称及履历，技术工人数量及资格证，机械设备情况，以及业绩情况等级。点这免费下载施工技术资料

As we know, the construction of steel structure has to go through two stages: Factory fabrication and on-site installation. These two stages can be completed by a construction unit, but sometimes it can be completed by two units separately. It is of great significance to ensure the quality and progress of the steel structure engineering by making a good work on the inspection and selection of the production units and installation units of steel structures. The research contents of the production and installation of steel structure mainly include: enterprise qualification, production scale, number of technical personnel, professional title and resume, number of technical workers, qualification certificates, machinery and equipment, and performance level. Point this free downloading of construction technical data

2、严格审查承包单位提交的钢结构制作工艺及安装施工组织设计

2. Strictly examine the design of the steel construction technology and the installation and construction organization submitted by the contractor

施工组织设计是承包单位编制的指导工程施工全过程各项活动的重要综合性技术文件，认真审查施工组织设计是监理工作事前控制和主动控制的重要内容。钢结构工程要针对制作阶段和安装阶段分别编制制作工艺和安装施工组织设计，其中制作工艺内容应包括制作阶段各工序、各分项的质量标准、技术要求，以及为保证产品质量而制订的各项具体措施，如关键零件的加工方法，主要构件的工艺流程、工艺措施，所采用的加工设备、工艺装备等。

Construction organization design is an important comprehensive technical document guiding the Contractor's activities in the whole construction process. The careful review of construction organization design is an important part of pre control and active control in supervision work. Steel structure engineering for production and installation stage respectively in the preparation of construction organization design and installation of production process, the production process includes the production stage of each process and each sub quality standards, technical requirements, and to ensure the quality of products and to develop the specific measures, such as the key parts of the processing method, technological process, main component the process measures, processing equipment, the process equipment etc..

3、要充分重视制作阶段的监理工作

3, we should pay full attention to the supervision work in the production stage

如前所述，钢结构工程均要经过工厂制作和现场安装两个阶段，而制作和安装一般是由钢结构工程公司下属的两个基层单位（制作车间和安装项目部）分别负责，有时还可能由制造厂和安装公司两个单位分别完成（分包）。监理工程师要充分重视制作阶段的监理工作，要象其他类型工程的监理工作一样，切实搞好事前控制和事中控制，对各工序、各分项都要做到检查认真而及时、严格而到位。要避免那种放松工厂制作过程的监理，仅靠构件完成后进场验收的错误工作方法。这一点在制作单位距工程所在地路程较远的情况下，尤其要注意。

As mentioned earlier, the steel structure engineering must pass through factory production and installation of two stages, and the production and installation is two units under the steel structure engineering company (production workshop and installation project department) are responsible for, and sometimes were completed by the factory and the company installed two units (including package). The supervision engineer should pay enough attention to the supervision work in the production stage, like the supervision work of other types of projects, do well the control before and in the middle affairs, and check every process and sub item strictly, timely and strictly. It is necessary to avoid the supervision of the process of relaxing factory production, and the wrong method of working for the post acceptance check only by the component. This point should be paid attention to in the case that the production unit is far away from the site of the project.

4、安装阶段的监理

4, the supervision of the installation stage

钢结构安装阶段的监理工作内容主要是监督承包单位内部管理体系和质保体系的运行情况，督促落实施工组织设计的各项技术、组织措施，严格按照国家现行钢结构有关规范、标准进行施工。钢结构安装阶段的监理工作应重点抓好以下几个环节：安装方案的合理性和落实情况、安装测量、高强度螺栓的连接、安装焊接质量、安装尺寸偏差的实测、涂装等。监理工作要加强现场巡视检查、平行检验和旁站监督，尤其是在目前部分钢结构施工单位素质偏低，施工仍欠规范的情况下，切实做好现场巡视和旁站，对于确保钢结构工程的施工质量，更有现实意义。

The supervision work of steel structure installation stage is the main operation of the supervision contractor internal management system and quality assurance system, supervise the implementation of the technology, organization design measures of construction, the construction in strict accordance with the current national norms and standards of steel structure. During the installation phase of steel structure, we should focus on the following aspects: the rationality and implementation of installation plan, installation and measurement, connection of high-strength bolts, installation and welding quality, installation size deviation measurement and painting. To strengthen the supervision of site inspection, site of parallel inspection and supervision, especially in the current unit part of steel structure construction quality is low, the construction is still owed norms, to do on-site inspection and supervision, to ensure the construction quality of steel structure engineering, more practical significance.

5、关于钢结构工程的试验检测工作

5. On testing and testing of steel structure engineering

钢结构工程的制作及安装施工的多项试验检测工作是一般土建工程所没有的，这些试验检测项目主要有：钢材原材有关项目的检测（必要时），焊接工艺评定试验（必要时），焊缝无损检测（超声波、X射线、磁粉等）、高强度螺栓扭矩系数或预拉力试验、高强度螺栓连接面抗滑移系数检测、钢网架节点承载力试验、钢结构防火涂料性能试验等。

Production and installation of the number of test work of steel structure engineering is the general civil engineering does not, these test items include: detection of steel raw material of the project (if necessary), welding procedure qualification test (if necessary), non destructive testing of weld (super sonic, X ray, magnetic powder, etc.) the strength of bolt torque coefficient or pre tension test, high strength bolt connection surface detection, anti slip coefficient of steel truss joint bearing capacity test and performance test of steel structure fire retardant coating.

作好这些试验、检测工作要注意以下几点：

The following points should be paid attention to in doing these tests and testing.

（1）要监督委托有相应资质的检测机构进行；

(1) to supervise the inspection agencies entrusted with corresponding qualifications;

（2）要坚持取样、送检的见证制度，要避免试件与工程不一致现象；

(2) we should adhere to the witness system of sampling and inspection, and avoid the inconsistency between the test pieces and the project.

（3）对于部分检测项目，具有相应资质的检测机构较少，路程较远，且费用较高，在这种情况下，监理工程师必须坚持原则，态度明确，立场坚定，及时督促承包单位落实这些工作，这是确保钢结构制作与安装质量及施工进度的必要措施，也是国家现行钢结构工程施工质量验收规范规定的“主控项目”。

(3) for some test items, with the corresponding qualification testing organization is less, the distance, and the cost is higher, in this case, the engineer must adhere to the principle of a clear attitude, stand firm, to urge the contractor to implement these work, it is necessary to ensure the measures of steel structure fabrication and installation quality and construction schedule the main control program, the current national regulations and steel structure construction quality acceptance "".

6、钢结构工程其它几个重要质量控制点

6. Some other important quality control points for steel structure engineering

6.1 地脚螺栓的预埋

The preembedding of 6.1 anchor bolts

地脚螺栓的预埋质量直接影响钢结构的安装质量，控制好地脚螺栓（群）的位置、垂直度、长度和标高，对于减少扩孔及调整工作量（甚至避免返工），提高结构安装质量具有重要意义。地脚螺栓的预埋方法可采用直接预埋法，也可采用预留孔法。基础砼浇筑前监理工程师必须严格检查预埋螺栓施工方法的合理性、可靠性，以及各项实测指标是否在规范规定范围内。点这免费下载施工技术资料

The embedment quality of anchor bolts directly affects the installation quality of steel structures. Controlling the location, perpendicularity, length and elevation of anchor bolts is of great significance for reducing reaming and adjusting workload, or even avoiding rework, and improving the quality of structure installation. The pre embedding method of the anchor bolts can be used directly, and the reserved hole method can be used. Before the foundation concrete is poured, the supervision engineer must strictly check the rationality and reliability of the construction method of the embedded bolts, and whether the measured indicators are within the prescribed limits. Point this free downloading of construction technical data

6.2 焊接工程质量控制

6.2 quality control of welding engineering

焊接工程是钢结构制作和安装工程最重要的分项之一，监理工程师必须从事前准备，施焊过程和成品检验各个环节，切实作好焊接工程的质量控制工作。目前，我市钢结构施工单位绝大部分都具备自动埋弧焊机，部分具备半自动气体保护焊机，仅在个

Welding engineering is one of the most important sub items in the fabrication and installation works of steel structure. The supervision engineer must engage in the preparation, welding process and inspection of finished products, and do well the quality control work of welding engineering. At present, most of the construction units of steel structure in our city have automatic submerged arc welding machines, some of which have semi-automatic gas protection welding machines.